Análise dos indicadores de qualidade em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto: um estudo descritivo / Analysis of quality indicators in an adult intensive care unit: a descriptive study

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obtidos pelos indicadores de qualidade em assistência à saúde monitorados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo com análise retrospectiva dos relatórios de indicadores de uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. RESULTADOS: Dos 33 indicadores, nove referem-se ao funcionamento global do setor, destacando-se a baixa taxa de reinternação em 24 horas (0,8%); 14 referem-se aos dispositivos invasivos, com predomínio da utilização de cateteres vesicais de demora (63,2%), venosos periféricos (59,8%) e nasogástricos/nasoentéricos (50,0%); seis referem-se a incidentes não infecciosos, destacando-se a incidência de lesão por pressão (5,2%), obstrução (2,7%) e remoção de cateter nasogástrico/nasoentérico (2,3%); e quatro abordam os incidentes infecciosos, com destaque para a densidade de incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (37,8 por 1000 pacientes-dia). CONCLUSÃO: Foram observados aspectos positivos, como o predomínio de altas hospitalares e baixa taxa de reinternação, e aspectos negativos, como a ocorrência de incidentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of quality indicators in healthcare assistance monitored in an adult intensive care unit. METHOD: A descriptive study with a retrospective analysis of the indicator reports from an adult intensive care unit. RESULTS: Of the 33 indicators, nine are related to the overall functioning of the unit, with a low readmission rate within 24 hours (0.8%). Fourteen indicators are related to invasive devices, with a predominance of use for indwelling urinary catheters (63.2%), peripheral venous catheters (59.8%), and nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (50.0%). Six indicators pertain to non-infectious incidents, highlighting pressure ulcer incidence (5.2%), obstruction (2.7%), and removal of nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (2.3%). Additionally, four indicators address infectious incidents, with a significant incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia (37.8 per 1000 patient days). CONCLUSION: Positive aspects were observed, such as a predominance of hospital discharges and low readmission rates, while negative aspects included incidents.

Análise dos indicadores de qualidade em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto: um estudo descritivo / Analysis of quality indicators in an adult intensive care unit: a descriptive study

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obtidos pelos indicadores de qualidade em assistência à saúde monitorados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo com análise retrospectiva dos relatórios de indicadores de uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. RESULTADOS: Dos 33 indicadores, nove referem-se ao funcionamento global do setor, destacando-se a baixa taxa de reinternação em 24 horas (0,8%); 14 referem-se aos dispositivos invasivos, com predomínio da utilização de cateteres vesicais de demora (63,2%), venosos periféricos (59,8%) e nasogástricos/nasoentéricos (50,0%); seis referem-se a incidentes não infecciosos, destacando-se a incidência de lesão por pressão (5,2%), obstrução (2,7%) e remoção de cateter nasogástrico/nasoentérico (2,3%); e quatro abordam os incidentes infecciosos, com destaque para a densidade de incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (37,8 por 1000 pacientes-dia). CONCLUSÃO: Foram observados aspectos positivos, como o predomínio de altas hospitalares e baixa taxa de reinternação, e aspectos negativos, como a ocorrência de incidentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of quality indicators in healthcare assistance monitored in an adult intensive care unit. METHOD: A descriptive study with a retrospective analysis of the indicator reports from an adult intensive care unit. RESULTS: Of the 33 indicators, nine are related to the overall functioning of the unit, with a low readmission rate within 24 hours (0.8%). Fourteen indicators are related to invasive devices, with a predominance of use for indwelling urinary catheters (63.2%), peripheral venous catheters (59.8%), and nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (50.0%). Six indicators pertain to non-infectious incidents, highlighting pressure ulcer incidence (5.2%), obstruction (2.7%), and removal of nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes (2.3%). Additionally, four indicators address infectious incidents, with a significant incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia (37.8 per 1000 patient days). CONCLUSION: Positive aspects were observed, such as a predominance of hospital discharges and low readmission rates, while negative aspects included incidents.

Clima de seguridad del paciente en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en un hospital privado / Patient Safety Climate in Intensive Care Units at a Private Hospital

Introducción: El clima de seguridad del paciente se refleja en las actitudes y percepciones individuales de los profesionales con respecto a los puntos clave de la seguridad del paciente en la institución. Objetivo: Analizar el clima de seguridad del paciente desde la percepción del equipo de enfermería de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital privado en Brasil. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa de diseño descriptivo de corte transversal desarrollada en septiembre de 2020 en tres unidades de un hospital privado de la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Los participantes fueron 60 profesionales, 14 enfermeras y 46 técnicos de enfermería, que constituye una muestra no probabilística e intencional. La recopilación de datos se produjo mediante la aplicación de la Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva, prueba t de Student y Mann-Whitney. Las puntuaciones ≥ 75 por ciento indican una percepción positiva del clima de seguridad. Resultados: El clima medio general de seguridad del paciente fue de 67,63 por ciento. La satisfacción en el trabajo obtuvo la mayor puntuación (76,29 por ciento), mientras que la percepción de la gestión hospitalaria fue la más baja (58,53 por ciento). Las enfermeras presentaron puntuaciones más positivas y con diferencia significativa para "Percepción del manejo en el hospital" (p = 0,022), en comparación con los técnicos de enfermería. Conclusión: El equipo de enfermería percibe debilidades con relación a la gestión, y las acciones estimulantes para reducir las diferencias entre los trabajadores son relevantes para mejorar el clima institucional(AU)

Introduction: The patient safety climate is reflected in individual attitudes and perceptions of professionals regarding the key points of patient safety at the institutional level. Objective: To analyze the patient safety climate as perceived by the nursing staff of the intensive care units of a private hospital in Brazil. Methods: A quantitative research with a cross-sectional and descriptive design was developed in September 2020 in three units of a private hospital in Curitiba City, Paraná State, Brazil. The participants were sixty professionals, fourteen nurses and 46 nursing technicians, which made up a nonprobabilistic and intentional sample. Data collection was done through the application of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. The scores greater than or equal to 75 percent are indicative of a positive perception about safety climate. Results: The overall mean patient safety climate was 67.63 percent. Job satisfaction scored the highest (76.29 percent), while perception of hospital management was the lowest (58.53 percent). Nurses presented more positive scores and with significant difference for the category "perception of hospital management" (p=0.002), compared to nursing technicians. Conclusion: The nursing staff perceives weaknesses with respect to management, while stimulating actions for reducing differences among workers are relevant to improve the institutional climate(AU)

Personal médico como factores asociados a la eficiencia hospitalaria en Chile / Medical personnel as factors associated with hospital efficiency in Chile

RESUMEN Objetivo El Análisis Envolvente de Datos se ha convertido en una herramienta de gran ayuda para analizar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos hospitalarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la eficiencia técnica para un conjunto de hospitales de la Red del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Chile para el período 2007-2016. Método La metodología utilizada en el estudio es el análisis envolvente de datos DEA-CCR, conocido como rendimientos constantes a escala, y DEA-BCC, conocido como rendimientos variables a escala (orientación inputs). Como variables de entrada se utilizaron la cantidad de personal médico, dentistas, nutricionistas, enfermeras, kinesiólogos, matronas, técnicos, médicos y número de camas por millón de habitantes. Como variables de salida se utilizaron los egresos hospitalarios. Resultados Del análisis de eficiencia se encontró que los hospitales que resultaron ser técnicamente eficientes en todo el período fueron de las regiones de Antofagasta (100%), Metropolitana (100%) y O'Higgins (100%). En concreto, se puede constatar que, en su conjunto, y bajo el primero de los supuestos, los hospitales de las distintas regiones del país deberían reducir sus inputs en un 11,3% para situarse en la frontera eficiente. Si se considera el supuesto de rendimientos variables a escala, los hospitales deberían reducir sus inputs en un 5,2% para situarse en la frontera eficiente. Conclusiones Esta investigación podría contribuir a la mejora del quehacer hospitalario y a la toma de decisiones de las autoridades sanitarias en el uso de sus recursos.

ABSTRACT Objective The Data Envelope Analysis has become a very useful tool to analyze the efficiency in the use of hospital resources. The objective of this work was to determine the Technical Efficiency of a set of Hospitals in the Chilean National Health System network for the period 2007-2016. Methods The methodology used in the study is data envelope analysis (DEA-CCR), constant returns to scale, and DEA-BCC variable returns to scale (orientation inputs). As input variables, the number of medical personnel, dentists, nutritionists, nurses, physiotherapists, midwives, medical technicians and the number of beds per million inhabitants were used. Hospital discharges were used as output variables. Results From the efficiency analysis it was found that the hospitals that turned out to be technically efficient throughout the period were from the Antofagasta (100%), Metropolitan (100%) and O'Higgins (100%) Regions. Specifically, it can be observed that, as a whole and under the first of the assumptions, the hospitals in the different regions of the country should reduce their supplies by 11.3% to be on the efficient frontier. Considering the variable returns assumed to scale, hospitals should reduce their supplies by 5.2% to be on the efficient frontier. Conclusions This research could contribute to the improvement of hospital work and decision-making by health authorities in the use of their resources.

A qualitative research on clinical nursing staff's evaluation towards nursing quality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute exacerbation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the views of respiratory nurses on the status quo of nursing quality evaluation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to preliminarily screen the key indexes, so as to provide reference for scientifically constructing the evaluation index system of nursing quality during AECOPD.Methods:Eighteen clinical nurses and nursing managers with rich experience and working in respiratory department from three general tertiary hospitals in Shanghai were selected by means of purpose sampling to conduct focus group interviews, and analyze the collected materials by means of Colaizzi content analysis.Results:Three themes were extracted, namely, lack of specificity and sensitivity of disease care in current nursing quality index, opinions and suggestions on the setting of AECOPD nursing quality index and the setting of key index of AECOPD nursing quality. Besides, twenty-five key indexes were obtained, inclusive of four structural indexes, sixteen process indexes and five result indexes.Conclusions:It is necessary and important to establish AECOPD nursing quality evaluation index system in a scientific manner and it is advised that the qualities of structure, process and result should all be taken into consideration in the course of establishment. The twenty-five key indexes picked out at this stage can serve as reference for further establishment of a scientific AECOPD nursing quality evaluation index system.

Programa de transplante de fígado: estrutura, processo e resultados / Liver transplantation programme: structure, process and outcomes

Esse estudo de caso teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura, o processo de trabalho e os resultados do Programa de Transplante de Fígado de um hospital universitário do interior paulista, em 2017. Foram analisados 325 prontuários de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado no período de abril de 2001 a junho de 2016. Elegeu-se as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, de tratamento, de estrutura, de processo e de resultados. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados três formulários e um diário de campo. Para a análise dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos utilizou-se a abordagem de Avaliação em Saúde proposta por Donabedian (1980), a Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada º 50/2002 e a Portaria º 356/2014. Para o cálculo da sobrevida do paciente utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meyer e o Modelo de Regressão de Cox. Para o cálculo da sobrevida do enxerto utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meyer e o modelo de Regressão de Riscos Competitivos. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos pacientes era homens, adultos de meia idade, com comorbidades prévia, doença hepática moderada ou grave, complicações imediatas e tardias com baixa probabilidade de sobrevida. Quanto a estrutura o Programa atendeu em parte as recomendações para os componentes da estrutura organizacional-física (58,3%), organizacional de recursos humanos (55,6%), estrutural-física para funcionários e alunos (60,0%) e estrutural-física do ambulatório (50,0%). Em relação ao processo de atendimento identificou-se lacunas de documentos e ou diretrizes que norteiam a equipe de saúde no processo de trabalho. No que se refere aos indicadores de resultados, o número de transplantes sofreu alteração devido a fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos. A maioria dos pacientes permaneceu em lista de espera por até 12 meses. Os pacientes encontravam-se em gravidade moderada a alta e probabilidade de mortalidade de 76%. O tempo de isquemia fria variou de 240 a 970 minutos, média de 499 (±112,0) minutos. A sobrevida do paciente após um, três e cinco anos de transplante foi de 66,4%, 60,4% e 56,5%, respectivamente, e a incidência acumulada para perda do enxerto foi da ordem de 10%. A maioria dos pacientes foi internada ao menos uma vez no primeiro ano após o transplante e os motivos principais foram relacionados a terapia de imunossupressão e as complicações cirúrgicas. Mais da metade (53,6%) dos pacientes estavam em seguimento ambulatorial no Programa e 43,7% evoluíram à óbito. O óbito foi relacionado, em sua maioria, ao choque séptico ou hipovolêmico. Conclui-se que os indicadores encontrados no presente estudo estão, em parte, de acordo com a legislação vigente sobre um Programa de Transplante de Fígado e que os indicadores de resultados precisam ser repensados para o fortalecimento e a consolidação do Programa no hospital estudado

The objective of this study was analyze structure, work process and outcomes of the Liver Transplantation Programme in a teaching hospital in Sao Paulo state's interior in 2017. It was analyzed 325 patients' records which were submitted to liver transplantation from April 2011 to June 2016. Sociodemographic, clinical, treatment, structure, process and outcomes were the variables chosen in this study. Three forms and a field diary were used how strategy to data collection. Qualitative and quantitative data have analyzed using Healthcare Evaluation approach purposed by Donabedian (1980), the Directors' Collegiate Resolution n. 50/2002 and Ministerial Order n. 356/2014. Kaplan-Meyer method and Cox Regression Model were used to estimate the patient survival rate. Kaplan-Meyer Method and Competing Risks Regression Model were used to calculate the graft survival. Study results showed that most patients were men, mid-aged adults, with previous comorbidities, moderate or severe liver disease, immediate and late complications with survival probability decreased. Regarding structure the Programme reached partially the recommendations of components physical-organizational structure (58.3%), organizational of human resources (55.6%), structural-physical to employers and students (60.0%) and structural-physical of clinic (50.0%). With respect to healthcare process was identified clinicals protocols absences as well as guidelines which should lead the healthcare providers in the working process. Regarding to outcomes indicators, the transplantation numbers suffered changes due intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Most patients remained in waiting list for until 12 months. The patients presented from moderate to high severity and the probability of mortality was 76% for them. The cold ischemic time range was from 240 to 970 minutes, with mean 499 (±112,0) minutes. The patient survival after one, three and five years after transplantation was 66.4%, 60.4%, 56.5%, respectively. The cumulative incidence to loss graft have been 10%. The most patients were hospitalized at least once in the first year after transplantation and the principal causes were related to immunosuppressive therapy and surgical complications. At the end of the study, more than half of patients (53.6%) were in clinical Programme follow-up and 43.7% had died. The most deaths were related with septic or hypovolemic shock. Therefore, is possible conclude that the indicators found in this investigation were, partially, according with Brazilian Current Law recommendations about Liver Transplantation Programs. The outcomes indicators should be rethought to promote strengthening and consolidation of Programme in the Hospital studied

The effect of time target on overcrowding and clinical quality in the ED: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Many studies have reported the effectiveness of the ‘time target’ on reducing emergency department (ED) overcrowding and improving clinical quality. This study examined the effects of introducing the time target on ED overcrowding and clinical quality using meta-analysis. METHODS: The electronic databases including PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, and Embase until June 2017 were searched. The search keywords were ‘time target,’‘national emergency access target,’‘four-hour rule,’ and ‘shorter stays in ED’. Two investigators selected and reviewed articles according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the RoBANS checklist. The data were abstracted by predetermined criteria and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. RESULTS: Of 721 articles, 16 studies were included in the final analysis. A meta-analysis of four studies on the ED length of stay (LOS) showed that the mean EDLOS was reduced by 0.64 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.94) since the introduction of the time target. Other studies also showed that the EDLOS was reduced. There was no definite trend in the hospital admission rate. Meta-analysis of nine studies on the clinical quality revealed a total odds ratio of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.74–1.32). Time taken until the visitation of a doctor and the initiation of treatment were both reduced. The rate of “left without being seen” was decreased. CONCLUSION: EDLOS was reduced and no significant association was observed between mortality and the application of a time target since the introduction of time target. ‘Rate of revisiting,’‘time to clinician,’‘time to treatment,’ and ‘rate of left without being seen’ was reduced.

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la guía clínica ministerial para diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en un centro de nivel secundario / Compliance with the recommendations of the ministerial guideline for type 1 diabetes mellitus in a center of secondary level

Introduction: diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is incorporated into the Law of Universal Access with Explicit Guarantees (AUGE) and the Ministry of Health issued a clinical guideline. There is an association between compliance with clinical guidelines and health outcomes. Metabolic control reduces the risk of vascular complications. Objective: To describe the implementation of the guidelines for DM1 AUGE 2013, in patients treated in the endocrinological adult polyclinic hospital Carlos Van Buren. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling was performed. A sample size of 139 patients was calculated. Quality indicators was drawn up to determine compliance with the recommendations. Quantitative variables were described with median and interquartile range (IQR), and qualitative, with absolute frequency and percentages. Results: Age had a median of 30 years (interquartile range 22 to 42 years). The time since diagnosis had a median of 14 years (interquartile range of 9-22 years). 61 patients were female (43.9 percent) sex. The recommendation was greater proportion of compliance scheme using intensified insulin (89.9 percent). Conducting an annual foot exam showed the lowest compliance (3.6 percent). Discussion: There are no similar studies on these guidelines. It is concerned about the low implementation of the recommendations, especially therapeutic goals. Among the limitations is the quality of the registration system and the systematic omission of variables. It is necessary to determine the cause of low compliance with recommendations for action.

Indicadores de qualidade utilizados no gerenciamento da assistência de enfermagem hospitalar / Healthcare quality indicators used in hospital nursing care management / Indicadores de calidad utilizados en la gestión de la asistencia de enfermería hospitalaria

Este estudo objetivou identificar a opinião de enfermeiros sobre indicadores de qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em quatro hospitais de média e alta complexidade do norte do Paraná, em 2012. A amostra foi composta por 64 enfermeiros que atuam na assistência de enfermagem. A coleta de dados utilizou um questionário que identificou a opinião dos participantes sobre os indicadores de qualidade no gerenciamento da assistência. Os enfermeiros atribuíram maior pertinência aos indicadores de processo e estrutura, entre eles, a incidência de úlcera por pressão, fato que pode estar relacionado à proximidade destes indicadores com a prática assistencial. Segundo os participantes, a avaliação por indicadores contribui para a elaboração de ações de educação continuada e permanente; entretanto, ocorre pouca discussão dessas informações com a equipe de enfermagem. O gerenciamento do cuidado fundamentado em avaliações por indicadores subsidia melhorias da qualidade dos serviços.

This descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study examined opinions of nursing care quality indicators among nurses at four secondary and tertiary hospitals in Northern Paraná State, in 2012. Sixty-four nurses who deliver health care directly participated in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire that identified nurses' opinion of quality indicators in nursing care management. The nurses gave more importance to structure and process indicators, among them incidence of pressure ulcers, which may relate to these indicators' proximity to care activities. According to the participants, evaluation by indicators contributes to the development of permanent and continued education actions. However, this information is little discussed with the nursing teams. Care management based on assessment by indicators contributes to improving service quality.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la opinión de los enfermeros sobre los indicadores de calidad de la asistencia de enfermería. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, realizada en cuatro hospitales de complejidad mediana y alta, localizados en el norte del Paraná, en 2012. La muestra fue compuesta por 64 enfermeros que actuaban en la asistencia de enfermería. La recolección de datos utilizó un cuestionario que identificó la opinión de los participantes sobre los indicadores de calidad en la gestión de la asistencia. Los enfermeros atribuyeron mayor pertinencia a los indicadores de estructura y de proceso, incluyendo la incidencia de úlceras por presión, lo que puede estar relacionado con la proximidad de estos indicadores con la práctica asistencial. Según los participantes, la evaluación por medio de indicadores de evaluación contribuye a la elaboración de acciones de educación continua y permanente, sin embargo, hay poca discusión de esta información con el personal de enfermería. La gestión de la atención con base en evaluaciones por medio de indicadores promueve mejoras en la calidad de los servicios.

Pharmaceutical services evaluation in Brazil: broadening the results of a WHO methodology / Serviços de avaliação farmacológica no Brasil: ampliando os resultados da metodologia utilizada pela OMS

The objective of this paper is to explore and analyze the results of the Diagnosis of the Pharmaceutical Situation in Brazil (DiagAF-Br) from a regional perspective. The study made use of an exploratory approach of multiple cases based on the DiagAF-Br data collected in five Brazilian states. A descriptive analysis of selected indicators was performed in each of the Brazilian states in three pharmaceutical dimensions: access, quality, and rational use of medicines. The mainly results concerning the “percentage of completed prescriptions” varied from 1.1 percent in the State of Goiás to 98.6 percent in Espírito Santo; the “percentage of patients who know how to take their medicines” varied from 60.4 percent in Sergipe to 93.3 percent in Rio Grande do Sul. Educational level showed to be an important predictor of knowledge on how to use medicines, especially relevant when prescription is completed. The “average number of prescribed medicines”, approximately 2.1, did not show any difference between the visited sites. Different levels of management capacity and services organization were identified, suggesting the need for more adequate strategies to improve access, quality and mainly rational use of medicines in Brazil.

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar e analisar os resultados do Diagnóstico da Situação Farmacêutica no Brasil (DiagAF-Br) em uma perspectiva regional. Foi utilizada abordagem exploratória de casos múltiplos, baseada nos dados do DiagAF-Br, que foram coletados em cinco estados brasileiros. Foram realizadas análises descritivas por estado para indicadores selecionados nas três dimensões: acesso, qualidade e uso racional de medicamentos. Entre os achados, destacam-se o percentual de prescrições completas, que variou de 1,1 por cento no estado de Goiás a 98,6 por cento no Espírito Santo; o percentual de pacientes que sabem como tomar os medicamentos, que variou de 60,4 por cento no Sergipe a 93,3 por cento no Rio Grande do Sul. A escolaridade apresentou-se como um importante preditor do conhecimento sobre como tomar os medicamentos, especialmente quando a prescrição está completa. O número médio de medicamentos por prescrição, cerca de 2,1, não mostrou diferenças entre os locais visitados. Foram identificados diferentes níveis de capacidade de gerenciamento e organização dos serviços farmacêuticos, o que sugere a necessidade de estratégias mais adequadas para ampliar o acesso, qualidade e principalmente o uso racional de medicamentos no Brasil.